journal F cijkl = Picture 2 + ? x ijkl + ? y ijkl + ? c ( ? x ijkl ) + ? c ( ? y ijkl )
ijkl and yijkl equal 0. xijkl indicates local-spouse-hypergamy (migrant spouse is more educated than local spouse), and yijkl indicates local-spouse-hypogamy (migrant spouse is less educated than local spouse). Thus, when i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), xijkl equals 1 if k > l and 0 otherwise, yijkl equals 1 if k < l>
2nd, i scale ining the way the likelihood of hukou intermarriage changes that have for each and every wife or husband’s knowledge (Gullickson and Torche, 2014), and we subsequent view variation inside markets change between them towns and cities.
diary F cijkl = Formula 2 + ? p = 1 2 ? p you pij + ? q = 1 dos ? q w qij + ? c ? p = 1 2 ? p you pij + ? c ? q = 1 2 ? q w qij
When i equals j (hukou homogamy), both upij and wqij equal 0. upij measures the education effects for migrant spouses to form hukou intermarriages, and wqij measures the education effects for local spouses to form hukou intermarriages. When i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), upij equals 1 if k >p and wqij equals 1 if l > q; when i equals 1 and j equals 0 (local husband and migrant wife), upij equals 1 if l > p and wqij equals 1 if k > q.
Thus, this model estimates separately how migrants’ and locals’ likelihoods of marrying across hukou boundaries change as their educations change. Specifically, ?p and ?q capture how the log-odds of hukou intermarriage change for migrants and locals, respectively, when moving up one level of education from either p or q (e.g., from less than high school to high school). Positive values of ? indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage increase as migrant spouses’ educations increase, and negative values indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage decrease as migrant spouses’ educations increase. ? provides the same information for local spouses. We expect ? to be positive and S to be negative, and we expect n and ? to be less pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen.
Descriptive Overall performance
Detailed leads to Dining table 1 reveal hukou area pairings of spouses of the urban area. Within the Shanghai, throughout the 47% out of small-census was basically developed between one or two migrants; from inside the Shenzhen, you to definitely commission try more than 70%. Throughout the 38% out-of marriage ceremonies in it a couple of local partners when you look at the Shanghai, whereas fifteen% out-of marriages had several local partners inside the Shenzhen. Demonstrably, anyone had a tendency to wed within their hukou updates classification both in towns. In metropolitan areas, marriage ceremonies ranging from a neighborhood husband and you will good migrant spouse was indeed much probably be than just marriage ceremonies anywhere between a beneficial migrant partner and a local wife to take place (13% against. 3% from inside the Shanghai and you can 11% compared houkutteleva sinkku naiset lähelläsi to. 4% into the Shenzhen). This new percentage of hukou locality homogamy is similar regarding the one or two metropolitan areas. But really, we should understand the outcome having caution, while the show regarding migrants is different on these a couple of towns and cities. The new relative measurements of migrants and neighbors produces structural relationship opportunities for individuals to seek potential partners and in the end ). Log-linear studies allows us to evaluate the degree of hukou homogamy, net of compositional outcomes, because of the dealing with to have marginal withdrawals off hukou standing.
Table step 1.
I first introduce this new distributions from studies attainment to possess migrant husbands, regional husbands, migrant spouses, and you will local wives when you look at the per area, respectively, in the Profile step one . An average of, migrants are quicker experienced than just neighbors, no matter what gender, in Shanghai and Shenzhen. Certainly migrants, guys are top educated than ladies in both Shanghai and you can Shenzhen. On the other hand, certainly residents, the new gender pit from inside the training try either short if you don’t corrected: regional dudes typically are only slightly greatest educated than simply its feminine equivalents during the Shenzhen, and you can local female on average be more experienced than just their men competitors within the Shanghai. Log-linear patterns handle with the knowledge inequalities ranging from folks and you will anywhere between residents and you may migrants to capture the fresh new associations anywhere between spouses’ training and you can between educational and you will hukou area assortative mating, web of your marginal distributions regarding spouses’ qualities.